In recent years, global environmental issues have become increasingly severe, making New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) a critical component of green transportation and attracting significant attention from governments and enterprises worldwide. China, as the largest automotive market globally, has achieved remarkable progress in its NEV industry through policy support, technological innovation, and growing market demand. According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), NEV sales in China surpassed 7 million units in 2023, accounting for nearly 60% of the global market share. Additionally, China leads in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and intelligent connected technologies, positioning itself as a key driver in the global NEV supply chain and competitive landscape. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of strategic adaptation and organizational change in three representative multinational automobile manufacturers—Tesla, Volkswagen, and Toyota—in the Chinese NEV market. By comparing these companies, the study reveals the strategic choices and outcomes that different enterprises adopt to navigate the unique environment of the Chinese market.

City Commercial Banks (CCBs) are vital players in China's financial system, but they face persistent challenges, including declining profitability, rising credit risk, and fragile governance structures. Ownership concentration plays a dual role in shaping bank performance and stability, offering both enhanced control and heightened risks such as expropriation of minority shareholders and governance inefficiencies. This study investigates the impact of ownership concentration, internal risk governance, capital regulation pressure, and income diversification on the performance of CCBs, using panel data from 35 CCBs between 2011 and 2022. Results reveal that concentrated ownership often correlates with excessive risk-taking, negatively affecting performance, whereas robust governance mechanisms and income diversification enhance stability. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and bank executives aiming to enhance the resilience and efficiency of CCBs in a complex regulatory and market environment.

This research focuses on the intersection between Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) reporting and corporate reputation, specifically in relation to supply chain transparency. ESG reporting has become an important aspect of corporate governance in an age of rising environmental and social consciousness. The research uses a qualitative method and case studies of companies across a wide range of industries, from Tesla to Walmart, Microsoft to Nestlé to DHL, to investigate the effect of open ESG policies on public confidence and brand perception. Results show a strong positive relationship between ESG transparency and corporate reputation – transparent companies have higher public trust and loyalty. But supply chain transparency remains a major obstacle due to lack of standardised ESG metrics and resistance from supply chain partners. This research also points to sectoral differences, with retail and logistics performing better than manufacturing and food & beverage because of easy supply chains and higher consumer demand. This research shows that robust ESG reporting is critical for reputation management and competitive advantage. It also stresses the need for industry-based tactics and the use of technologies like blockchain and IoT for visibility of the supply chain. These insights are helpful for organisations who are seeking to balance sustainability with business outcomes and stakeholder expectations.

With the rapid development of the financial industry and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the application of AI robots in finance has become a widely discussed topic in the academia. As an important part of the financial market, the secondary trading market of virtual currencies is characterized by high volatility, risk and decentralization, which poses significant challenges for traditional trading methods. AI technologies, especially machine learning and deep learning algorithms, provides a new path to optimize trading strategies and reduce investment risks thanks to their powerful data processing, pattern recognition and real-time analysis capabilities. This paper focuses on the characteristics of AI technology and the secondary trading market of virtual currencies, as well as the practical application of artificial intelligence technology in the financial industry, and explores the potential of applying AI robots to virtual currency trading. The research shows that AI robots can provide more accurate decision support for investors through massive data analysis, automatic trading execution and real-time risk assessment, improving market response speed and investment return rate. If the combination of AI robots and virtual currency trading is successful, it is expected to create more long-term and stable returns for investors, providing important theoretical and practical value for the development of financial investment.

Low household risk market participation has been a problem for a long time in China, this study explores the issue of Chinese household asset allocation from the perspective of mobile payment. Based on China Household Finance Survey data in 2017, this research studies the impact of mobile payment on Chinese household stock market participation and risk participation by using Probit model. Tobit and OLS model are used to analyze the impact of mobile payment on Chinese household risky asset allocation and the types of risky asset Chinese families hold. To reduce endogeneity caused by omitted variables and measurement errors, this study uses Instrumental Variable to make the estimation. The empirical results indicate that mobile payment can promote household stock market and risk participation by improving social interaction, social trust and financial literacy. Area heterogeneity analysis shows that mobile payment has a greater impact on eastern, first, second and third tier, and urban areas. Additionally, heterogeneity of family characteristics shows that mobile payment is more effective for highly educated households. This study provides a new perspective to conduct research on investment problems in China, and has extremely strong practical significance.

I analyzed the historical performance of Bitcoin using its daily price data from October 2017 to January 2023, focusing on its unique characteristics and risk-return profile. The analysis began with an in-depth examination of Bitcoin's metrics, emphasizing factors such as maximum drawdown (MaxDD), a key measure of risk, and volatility, which highlights the asset's price fluctuations. Next, I extended the analysis to include four additional assets: GLD (gold), SPY (SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust), DXY (U.S. dollar index), and QQQ (Invesco QQQ Trust). I evaluated these assets using metrics such as average return, volatility, Sharpe ratio, and maximum drawdown, comparing them directly to Bitcoin. This comparison revealed the relative strengths and weaknesses of Bitcoin against traditional and alternative assets, highlighting its potential for high returns at the cost of elevated risk and drawdowns. Following this, I constructed a portfolio of all five assets, optimizing for the highest Sharpe ratio, which balances return and risk. The analysis delved into why this specific asset combination produced the most optimal Sharpe ratio, considering factors like asset correlations and individual contributions to the portfolio's risk-return tradeoff. To further understand Bitcoin's role, I compared the optimized portfolio with and without Bitcoin, evaluating differences in Sharpe ratio, return, and volatility. This analysis underscored the conditional value of including Bitcoin, as its contribution depends on an investor’s risk tolerance and market conditions. Ultimately, I concluded that Bitcoin can be a worthwhile investment, but only under specific conditions where its high risk is offset by its potential for outsized returns and diversification benefits.

With the continuous progress of science and technology, industrial digitization has become a key force to promote the development of all walks of life. Especially in the two fields of logistics industry and modern agriculture, the application of digital technology not only improves the efficiency, but also promotes the deep integration of the two. This paper will be from the perspective of research at home and abroad, and from the digital industry, logistics industry and the agricultural industry integration development, the influence of the development of logistics industry, digital industry influence on the development of modern agriculture, the influence of the logistics industry and modern agricultural integration development five aspects on the main view of the existing literature.

In this article, land transfer models across countries are compared to examine their use and efficiency in developing and transition economies. By looking at the experiences of land transfer in China, India, Brazil and a number of European nations, it illustrates the way in which different land systems can affect agricultural productivity, land use efficiency and rural economic growth. This work examines the major land reform theories, including land tenure security and market-based land transfers, and discusses their socio-political consequences. This paper also assesses the effects of land transfers such as leasing, redistribution and consolidation on rural livelihoods and economic performance. These studies show that while land leasing and consolidation have been good for crop yields, they have produced significant obstacles – social inequity and political opposition. The article concludes with policy prescriptions to enhance land transfer systems, especially in transition economies, comparing the experiences of developing and advanced economies.

The advent of the Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) marks a turning point in global money. With the rise of digital currencies such as Bitcoin, CBDCs provide a platform for central banks to continue to administer monetary policy while taking part in the digital economy. In this article, we examine the behavioural and macroeconomic effects of CBDCs with regard to how they could affect consumers, national economies and global financial markets. Based on the experimental data and observational findings, the paper considers the effect of CBDCs on the consumer’s finances (spending and saving), and whether it can overcome such issues as high transaction costs and financial exclusion. It also studies the macroeconomic impact of CBDC adoption, such as inflation, GDP growth and economic activity. The report concludes with policy guidance for central banks and regulators on privacy, security, and financial inclusion as considerations for CBDC design and implementation. The conclusion is that CBDCs can have significant effects but must be designed and used in such a way as to ensure that they do not cause undesirable consequences to personal habits and national economies.

This research investigates the effect of winter sports infrastructure development on sports sector in western China, mainly in three provinces, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu. Infrastructure for winter sports has always been slow to develop in these regions as compared with more mature regions in Eastern China. This study considers the economic and social benefits such infrastructure generates: employment, tourism and more participation in winter sports. It is a mixed-methods study, collecting primary data from city councillors, urban infrastructure builders, sports experts and secondary data from tourism and economic factors. Results show that the investment in ski resorts, ice rinks and snowboard parks resulted in higher levels of tourism, employment and sport. But off-season usage and sustainability still aren’t in place. The paper report that the short-term economic benefits of infrastructure investment are obvious, but seasonal demand dynamics and the sports culture are both key to long-term winter sports sustainability in Western China. The results are helpful for policymakers and stakeholders planning to create an inclusive winter sports system in the developing world.